Myoglobin is an iron-containing protein found mainly in the muscle cells of vertebrates, particularly in the heart and skeletal muscles. The main function of Myoglobin is to store oxygen and make it available to muscles when energy demands are high. This is especially important during strenuous exercise or prolonged periods of limited oxygen availability, such […]
The discovery of insulin took place in 1921, credited to researchers Frederick Banting and Charles Best, changing diabetes from a life-threatening disease into a manageable condition, especially for individuals who have Type 1 Diabetes. The pancreas produces this hormone and regulates blood sugar levels by enabling cells to take up and store glucose for energy. […]
The C-peptide, also called the connecting peptide, is a 31-amino-acid polypeptide. It is secreted by pancreatic beta cells and is Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy often diagnosed at advanced stages, with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) acting as the primary FDA-approved serum biomarker for management. Despite limitations, including false-positives in benign […]
The C-peptide, also called the connecting peptide, is a 31-amino-acid polypeptide. It is secreted by pancreatic beta cells and is used to assess beta-cell function. It is cleaved from proinsulin to make insulin. It has a longer half-life than insulin and is therefore considered a useful and relatively stable indicator of pancreatic insulin secretion. It […]
Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125) is a glycoprotein biomarker used in the medical field for the detection and management of ovarian cancer. CA-125 is found in higher concentrations in the blood of women with ovarian cancer; its applications extend beyond cancer detection, as high levels may also be found in various non-cancerous conditions. Clinical Significance of […]
HIV, HCV, and HBsAg (HHH) detection in blood banks before transfusion is important for disease control, timely diagnosis, and prevention of their transmission, as these 3 markers are highly infectious. Chemiluminescence immunoassay CLIA have superior sensitivity, high specificity & rapid turnaround times compared to ELISA or radioimmunoassay. CLIA technology also facilitates accurate detection of analytes […]
Troponin I (hs-TnI) is a key cardiac biomarker used for the prompt identification and diagnosis of myocardial injury. Troponin I, a protein involved in regulating cardiac muscle contraction, is released into the bloodstream when heart muscle cells are damaged. Clinical Significance of High-Sensitivity Troponin I lies in its role in diagnosing and managing diseases, including: […]
Introduction D-dimer is a protein fragment formed when cross-linked fibrin is broken down by plasmin during fibrinolysis. It is present in very low concentrations in the bloodstream. Under normal physiological conditions, clot formation and destruction remain balanced, preventing excess bleeding and ensuring proper blood flow after blood vessel healing. Elevated D-dimer levels are found in […]
Introduction Celiac disease occurs in individuals as a reaction to gluten sensitivity. Gluten is a protein that is found in various cereals like Wheat, Barley, and rye. If a patient with celiac disease consumes food containing gluten, this will lead to damage to the mucous membrane of the small intestine. Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is an […]
Progesterone is an essential hormone that regulates multiple biological processes in the female reproductive system. It is produced primarily in the ovaries, adrenal glands, and placenta during pregnancy. Progesterone has an essential function in preparing the endometrium layer of the uterus for Implantation. In addition to its fertility functions, progesterone influences other bodily systems, such […]
